Saturday, 21 July 2012

Brain Development Not Affected By Long-Term ADHD Drug

Main Category: ADHD
Also Included In: Pediatrics / Children's Health;  Psychology / Psychiatry
Article Date: 20 Jul 2012 - 0:00 PDT Current ratings for:
Brain Development Not Affected By Long-Term ADHD Drug
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Drugs used to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) do not appear to have long-term effects on the brain, according to new animal research from Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center.

As many as five to seven percent of elementary school children are diagnosed with ADHD, a behavioral disorder that causes problems with inattentiveness, over-activity, impulsivity, or a combination of these traits. Many of these children are treated with psychostimulant drugs, and while doctors and scientists know a lot about how these drugs work and their effectiveness, little is known about their long-term effects.

Linda Porrino, Ph.D., professor and chair of the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, along with fellow professor Michael A. Nader, Ph.D., both of Wake Forest Baptist, and colleagues conducted an animal study to determine what the long-lasting effects may be. Their findings were surprising, said Porrino.

"We know that the drugs used to treat ADHD are very effective, but there have always been concerns about the long-lasting effects of these drugs," Porrino said. "We didn't know whether taking these drugs over a long period could harm brain development in some way or possibly lead to abuse of drugs later in adolescence."

Findings from the Wake Forest Baptist research are published online this month in the journal Neuropsychopharmacology.

The researchers studied 16 juvenile non-human primates, whose ages were equivalent to 6-to 10-year-old humans. Eight animals were in the control group that did not receive any drug treatment and the other eight were treated with a therapeutic-level dose of an extended-release form of Ritalin, or methylphenidate (MPH), for over a year, which is equivalent to about four years in children. Imaging of the animals' brains, both before and after the study, was conducted on both groups to measure brain chemistry and structure. The researchers also looked at developmental milestones to address concerns that ADHD drugs adversely affect physical growth.

Once the MPH treatment and imaging studies were concluded, the animals were given the opportunity to self administer cocaine over several months. Nader measured their propensity to acquire the drug and looked at how rapidly and in what amounts, to provide an index of vulnerability to substance abuse in adolescence. As reported in the research paper, they found no differences between groups - monkeys treated with Ritalin during adolescence were not more vulnerable to later drug use than the control animals.

"After one year of drug therapy, we found no long-lasting effects on the neurochemistry of the brain, no changes in the structure of the developing brain. There was also no increase in the susceptibility for drug abuse later in adolescence," Porrino said. "We were very careful to give the drugs in the same doses that would be given to children. That's one of the great advantages of our study is that it's directly translatable to children."

Porrino said non-human primates provide exceptional models for developmental research because they undergo relatively long childhood and adolescent periods marked by hormonal and physiological maturation much like humans.

"Our study showed that long-term therapeutic use of drugs to treat ADHD does not cause long-term negative effects on the developing brain, and importantly, it doesn't put children at risk for substance abuse later in adolescence," she said.

One of the exciting things about this research, Porrino said, is that a "sister" study was conducted simultaneously at John Hopkins with slightly older aged animals and different drugs and their findings were similar. "We feel very confident of the results because we have replicated each other's studies within the same time frame and gotten similar results," she said. "We think that's pretty powerful and reassuring."

Article adapted by Medical News Today from original press release. Click 'references' tab above for source.
Visit our adhd section for the latest news on this subject. The research described was supported by grants from the National Institute of Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health, DA 20648 (LJP) and DA 06634 (LJP, MAN), NIAAA, AA 17056 (AJB), and T32-AA007565. Study medication was provided by UCB SA, Belgium.
Co-authors include Peter J. Pierre, Ph.D., James Daunais, Ph.D., Allyson J. Bennett, Ph.D., H. Donald Gage, Ph.D., and graduate students Kathryn E. Gill and Susan Martelle, all of Wake Forest Baptist, and James M. Swanson, Ph.D., University of California, Irvine.
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The Ancients Knew A Thing Or Two About Plants' Healing Qualities

Main Category: Nutrition / Diet
Also Included In: Biology / Biochemistry
Article Date: 20 Jul 2012 - 0:00 PDT Current ratings for:
The Ancients Knew A Thing Or Two About Plants' Healing Qualities
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An international team of researchers, led by the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and the University of York, has provided the first molecular evidence that Neanderthals not only ate a range of cooked plant foods, but also understood its nutritional and medicinal qualities.

Until recently Neanderthals, who disappeared between 30,000 and 24,000 years ago, were thought to be predominantly meat-eaters. However, evidence of dietary breadth is growing as more sophisticated analyses are undertaken.

Researchers from Spain, the UK and Australia combined pyrolysis gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry with morphological analysis of plant microfossils to identify material trapped in dental calculus (calcified dental plaque) from five Neanderthals from the north Spanish site of El Sidrón.

Their results, published in Naturwissenschaften - The Science of Nature this week, provide another twist to the story - the first molecular evidence for medicinal plants being used by a Neanderthal individual.

The researchers say the starch granules and carbohydrate markers in the samples, plus evidence for plant compounds such as azulenes and coumarins, as well as possible evidence for nuts, grasses and even green vegetables, argue for a broader use of ingested plants than is often suggested by stable isotope analysis.

Lead author Karen Hardy, a Catalan Institute of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) Research Professor at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) and an Honorary Research Associate at the University of York, UK, said: "The varied use of plants we identified suggests that the Neanderthal occupants of El Sidrón had a sophisticated knowledge of their natural surroundings which included the ability to select and use certain plants for their nutritional value and for self-medication. While meat was clearly important, our research points to an even more complex diet than has previously been supposed."

Earlier research by members of this team had shown that the Neanderthals in El Sidrón had the bitter taste perception gene. Now trapped within dental calculus researchers found molecular evidence that one individual had eaten bitter tasting plants.

Dr Stephen Buckley, a Research Fellow at the University of York's BioArCh research facility, said: "The evidence indicating this individual was eating bitter-tasting plants such as yarrow and camomile with little nutritional value is surprising. We know that Neanderthals would find these plants bitter, so it is likely these plants must have been selected for reasons other than taste."

Ten samples of dental calculus from five Neanderthals were selected for this study. The researchers used thermal desorption and pyrolysis gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify both free/unbound and bound/polymeric organic components in the dental calculus. By using this method in conjunction with the extraction and analysis of plant microfossils, they found chemical evidence consistent with wood-fire smoke, a range of cooked starchy foods, two plants known today for their medicinal qualities, and bitumen or oil shale trapped in the dental calculus.

Professor Matthew Collins, who heads the BioArCh research facility at York, said: "Using mass spectrometry, we were able to identify the building blocks of carbohydrates in the calculus of two adults, one individual in particular having apparently eaten several different carbohydrate-rich foods. Combined with the microscopic analysis it also demonstrates how dental calculus can provide a rich source of information."

The researchers say evidence for cooked carbohydrates is confirmed by both the cracked/roasted starch granules observed microscopically and the molecular evidence for cooking and exposure to wood smoke or smoked food in the form of a range of chemical markers including methyl esters, phenols, and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons found in dental calculus.

Professor Les Copeland from the Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, University of Sydney, Australia, said: "Our research confirms the varied and selective use of plants by Neanderthals."

The study also provides evidence that the starch granules reported from El Sidrón represent the oldest granules ever to be confirmed using a biochemical test, while ancient bacteria found embedded in the calculus offers the potential for future studies in oral health.

The archaeological cave site of El Sidrón, located in the Asturias region of northern Spain, contains the best collection of Neanderthal remains found in the Iberian Peninsula and one of the most important active sites in the world. Discovered in 1994, it contains around 2,000 skeletal remains of at least 13 individuals dating back around 47,300 to 50,600 years.

Antonio Rosas, of the Museum of Natural History in Madrid - CSIC (Spanish National Research Council), said: "El Sidrón has allowed us to banish many of the preconceptions we had of Neanderthals. Thanks to previous studies, we know that they looked after the sick, buried their dead and decorated their bodies. Now another dimension has been added relating to their diet and self-medication."

Article adapted by Medical News Today from original press release. Click 'references' tab above for source.
Visit our nutrition / diet section for the latest news on this subject. Fieldwork at El Sidrón, conducted by researchers from the University of Oviedo, is funded by the Department of Culture, Principality of Asturias. The dental calculus samples used in this study were provided by the laboratory leading the study of the human remains discovered in El Sidrón, which is located at the Museum of Natural History in Madrid - CSIC.
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Non-Invasive Thermal Imaging Joins The Fight Against Obesity

Main Category: Obesity / Weight Loss / Fitness
Also Included In: Pediatrics / Children's Health;  Nutrition / Diet
Article Date: 20 Jul 2012 - 1:00 PDT Current ratings for:
Non-Invasive Thermal Imaging Joins The Fight Against Obesity
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Scientists at The University of Nottingham believe they've found a way of fighting obesity - with a pioneering technique which uses thermal imaging. This heat-seeking technology is being used to trace our reserves of brown fat - the body's 'good fat' - which plays a key role in how quickly our body can burn calories as energy.

This special tissue known as Brown Adipose Tissue, or brown fat, produces 300 times more heat than any other tissue in the body. Potentially the more brown fat we have the less likely we are to lay down excess energy or food as white fat.

Michael Symonds, Professor of Developmental Physiology in the School of Clinical Sciences, led a team of scientists and doctors at The University of Nottingham who have pioneered the thermal imaging process so we can assess how much brown fat we've got and how much heat it is producing. Their research has just been published in the Journal of Pediatrics.

The University of Nottingham's Early Life Nutrition Research Unit is at the forefront of ground-breaking international research into managing brown adipose tissue using nutrition, exercise, and environmental and therapeutic interventions.

Thermogenic index for food labels

Professor Symonds said: "Potentially the more brown fat you have or the more active your brown fat is you produce more heat and as a result you might be less likely to lay down excess energy or food as white fat.

"This completely non-invasive technique could play a crucial role in our fight against obesity. Potentially we could add a thermogenic index to food labels to show whether that product would increase or decrease heat production within brown fat. In other words whether it would speed up or slow down the amount of calories we burn."

The obesity threat

Obesity is one of the biggest challenges we face in Europe and America as our children grow older. It affects 155 million children worldwide. In the UK the number of overweight children doubled in the 1990s.

Dr Helen Budge, Clinical Associate Professor and Reader in Neonatology, said: "Babies have a larger amount of brown fat which they use up to keep warm soon after birth making our study's finding that this healthy fat can also generate heat in childhood and adolescence very exciting."

Professor Symonds and his team say their ground-breaking research could lead to a better understanding of how brown fat balances the energy from the food we eat with the energy our bodies actually use up.

Professor Symonds, together with Dr Budge and their team from the University's School of Clinical Sciences has shown that the neck region in healthy children produces heat. With the help of local school children they found that this region, which is known to contain brown adipose tissue, rapidly switches on to produce heat. This capacity is much greater in young children compared with adolescents and adults. The researchers are now using their findings to explore interventions designed to promote energy use as heat and, thus, prevent excess weight gain in both children and adults.

New non-invasive technology

Professor Symonds said: "Using our imaging technique we can locate brown fat and assess its capacity to produce heat. It avoids harmful techniques which use radiation and enables detailed studies with larger groups of people. This may provide new insights into the role of brown fat in how we balance energy from the food we eat, with the energy our bodies use up.

Article adapted by Medical News Today from original press release. Click 'references' tab above for source.
Visit our obesity / weight loss / fitness section for the latest news on this subject. This research goes to the heart of the University’s biggest ever fund raising appeal, Impact: The Nottingham Campaign, which is supporting lifelong health for children. Additional funding will allow more innovative approaches to be researched, developed and introduced across the globe. Find out more about our research and how you can support us at http://tiny.cc/UoNImpact
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Ongoing Study Reveals Similarities Between Sexual Fantasies In Men And Women

Main Category: Sexual Health / STDs
Also Included In: Psychology / Psychiatry
Article Date: 20 Jul 2012 - 1:00 PDT Current ratings for:
Ongoing Study Reveals Similarities Between Sexual Fantasies In Men And Women
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A study conducted at the University of Granada have demonstrated that there are not significant differences between men's and women's sexual fantasies. The fact is that both sexes have intimate and romantic sexual fantaies involving their partner or loved one. In addition, men have more sexual fantasies (positive and negative) than women, which would confirm the old belief that men think more frequently about sex than women.To carry out this study, the researchers took a sample of 2250 Spanish people (49.6% mend and 0.4% women) aged between 18 and 73 years, who had maintained a heterosexual relationship for at least 6 months. The information was collected by an Incidental and Planned Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). A number of provincial ongoing training centers, adult education centers, Granada local library and several University of Granada and Universidad Complutense schools collaborated in this study.

The results obtained suggest that near 100% of men and women have experienced a pleasant sexual fantasy in their life, while about 80% of the interviewees have experienced a negative or unpleasant sexual fantasy sometime in life.

Differences by Sex

However, men and women do not fantasize with the same frequency. Specifically, the study showed that women have pleasant romantic fantasies more frequently than men -a few times a month. Men, however, fantasize more frequently about exploratory sexual activities as group sex and seek new sensations as "being promiscuous", "being a swinger","participating in an orgy". The frequency of these fantasies is "sometime in life" or "once a year.The most unpleasant sexual fantasies are those associated with sexual submission. Women were found to think more frequently than men about "being forced to have sex" - they fantasize about it at least once in life. However, the most frequent negative fantasies in men are associated with homosexual sex.The authors of this study are Nieves Moyano Muñoz and Juan Carlos Sierra Freire at the University of Granada department of Personality, Psychological Evaluation and Treatment. This is the first study to approach sexual fantasies as positive and negative thoughts in Spain. The results will be published in the Spanish journal Anales de Psicología.

Currently, the intent of these researchers is to elucidate whether negative or unpleasant sexual fantasies are dysfunctional for the development of a number of sexual behaviors. For this purpose, they are looking for adults (over 18 years of age) that have had a relationship for at least 6 months.To participate in this study, it is only necessary to answer a set of questions. Anonymity and confidentiality is guaranteed. *

The University of Granada researchers point out that having sexual fantasies "favors some aspects as sexual desire and arousal". In therapeutic terms, researchers think that it is not only the presence of lack of sexual fantasies that should be considered, but also the patient's attitude towards them.

Article adapted by Medical News Today from original press release. Click 'references' tab above for source.
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Friday, 20 July 2012

Parents Should Be Involved In Decision For Adolescents To Get The HPV Vaccination That Protects Against Genital Warts, Cervical Cancer

Main Category: Cervical Cancer / HPV Vaccine
Also Included In: Sexual Health / STDs;  Pediatrics / Children's Health
Article Date: 20 Jul 2012 - 1:00 PDT Current ratings for:
Parents Should Be Involved In Decision For Adolescents To Get The HPV Vaccination That Protects Against Genital Warts, Cervical Cancer
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Most U.S. adults support laws that allow teens to get medical care for sexually transmitted infections without parental consent. But when asked about the vaccine against the human papillomavirus (HPV), most adults want parents to have the final say on whether their teen or pre-teen gets the shots.

The University of Michigan C.S. Mott Children's Hospital National Poll on Children's Health recently asked a national sample of adults about allowing adolescents age 12 to 17 years old to receive the HPV vaccinations without parental consent.

Only 45 percent of those polled would support state laws allowing the HPV vaccination without parental consent.

"But in contrast, 57 percent say they support teens being able to get medical care for prevention of sexually transmitted infections and 55 percent for treatment, all without parental consent," says Sarah Clark, M.P.H., Associate Director of the Child Health Evaluation and Research (CHEAR) Unit at the University of Michigan and Associate Director of the National Poll on Children's Health.

In the short term, the HPV vaccine protects against genital warts, one of the most common types of sexually transmitted infection. In the long term, the vaccine prevents development of cervical cancer in females and some head and neck cancers in men.

Routine HPV vaccination is recommended for males and females at 11-12 years of age. The vaccine is most effective if administered before the onset of sexual activity.

"That presents a challenge. Parents aren't thinking their 11 or 12 year-old child is ready for sexual activity at that age," Clark says. "Many parents ask to delay the vaccine until their child is a little older. But older teens go to the doctor much less than younger adolescents, and often they go without a parent."

Public health officials have considered pushing laws that would drop the need for parental consent, in order to boost HPV vaccination rates.

"But in this poll, most agreed they are reluctant to support dropping parental consent, even though 74 percent agreed that getting vaccines is a good way to protect adolescents from disease," Clark says.

Those who did not support dropping parental consent were asked about their reasons. The most common reason, cited by 86 percent, was that HPV should be a parent's decision; 43 percent cited the risk of side effects of the vaccine. About 40 percent said they have moral or ethical concerns about the vaccine.

The support for state laws that would allow HPV vaccination without parental consent was not different between parents and non-parents.

"These poll results show the majority of adults view HPV vaccination as distinct from sexually transmitted infection prevention and are reluctant to support taking away parental consent," Clark says.

"Policymakers and public health officials interested in changing parental consent rules should consider this data and provide education to ensure adults understand the importance of HPV vaccination as a form of prevention against sexually transmitted infections."

Article adapted by Medical News Today from original press release. Click 'references' tab above for source.
Visit our cervical cancer / hpv vaccine section for the latest news on this subject. Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report:

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University of Michigan Health System. (2012, July 20). "Parents Should Be Involved In Decision For Adolescents To Get The HPV Vaccination That Protects Against Genital Warts, Cervical Cancer." Medical News Today. Retrieved from
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/248022.php.

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As A Predictor Of Late-Stage Diagnosis Of Cervical Cancer, Lack Of Insurance Found To Be Second Only To Age

Main Category: Cervical Cancer / HPV Vaccine
Also Included In: Health Insurance / Medical Insurance;  Seniors / Aging
Article Date: 20 Jul 2012 - 3:00 PDT Current ratings for:
As A Predictor Of Late-Stage Diagnosis Of Cervical Cancer, Lack Of Insurance Found To Be Second Only To Age
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A large national sample of women diagnosed with cervical cancer between 2000 and 2007 finds lack of insurance was second only to age as the strongest predictor of late stage at diagnosis, a gap the authors say is likely attributable to lack of screening.

The American Cancer Society estimates that 12,170 women will be diagnosed with cervical cancer and 4,220 women will die from the disease in 2012. Although incidence and mortality from cervical cancer have declined dramatically since the introduction of the Pap test, one in three cervical cancer patients is diagnosed only after the cancer has spread to nearby organs and one in ten is diagnosed only after the disease has spread to distant organs (35% and 11% respectively). Prognosis is strongly related to stage: the 5-year relative survival rate is 91.2% for patients with localized disease, but only 57.8% for patients with regional disease and 17.0% for those with distant disease.

Socioeconomic status, race, marital status, and geographic location have all been identified as factors related to late stage at diagnosis among cervical cancer patients. Previous studies also documented age as a significant predictor of advanced stage, although the effects of age and also of insurance status, which are two of the strongest predictors of cervical cancer screening, had not been studied together prior to the current study.

For the current study, which appears early online in the American Journal of Public Health, researchers led by Stacey Fedewa, MPH reviewed the association between late stage (stage III/IV) cervical cancer and both insurance and age, with adjustment for race/ethnicity and other sociodemographic and clinical factors on 69,739 women diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer between 2000 and 2007 from the National Cancer Database.

More than half (55.5%) of privately insured cervical cancer patients in the observed population were at stage I at diagnosis, compared to 40.2% of Medicaid recipients, and 36.4% of uninsured patients. Meanwhile, 24.03% of privately insured women, 34.51% of those with Medicaid, and 35.22% of those without insurance were diagnosed with advanced disease, described as stages III and IV. Advanced stage also increased with age; the adjusted relative risk among women =35 years of age was 1.25 to 2.5 that of women 21-34 years.

"Late stage at diagnosis is likely attributable to underscreening," write the authors. They conclude: "Advanced-stage disease leads not only to poorer quality of life and greater morbidity, but often to higher treatment costs as well. Screening should be made accessible and affordable for all women for whom it is recommended, especially for those at higher risk of advanced-stage disease, such as middle-aged women, Medicaid recipients, and uninsured women."

Article adapted by Medical News Today from original press release. Click 'references' tab above for source.
Visit our cervical cancer / hpv vaccine section for the latest news on this subject. Article: "Association of Insurance Status and Age with Cervical Cancer Stage at Diagnosis: National Cancer Database, 2000-2007," Fedewa et al. Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print July 19, 2012: e1–e9. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300532
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Medical Devices Summit, 6-7 September 2012, Minnesota

Main Category: Conferences
Article Date: 20 Jul 2012 - 4:00 PDT Current ratings for:
Medical Devices Summit, 6-7 September 2012, Minnesota
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In response to an overwhelming amount of feedback from the industry, Opal Events is proud to announce that it will be taking its Medical Devices Summit to Minnesota! The event will take place from Sept 6-7, 2012 in Bloomington, MN.

First 100 Medical Device Companies Register Free!

The Midwest is a hotbed for medical device innovation and development, and many companies are moving to the Midwest to be ahead of this curve. With so many new devices coming to market, it's absolutely vital for companies to arm themselves with the latest legal, regulatory and business strategies available. And Opal Events is striving to meet these needs!

Join us for insightful panel presentations, talks and workshops from foremost industry leaders as they build a roadmap for the industry's future. We will be bringing together industry professionals to discuss how medical devices will be impacted by the changing healthcare system in our country, how the current business model is changing and who the new players will be, how to be involved in the rapid globalization of the industry and how to foster innovation and plan for compliance!

The featuring keynote speaker is Congressman Erik Paulsen of Minnesota's 3rd District. His topic will be "Medical Innovation and U.S. Leadership: An Update from Washington."

A short list of other confirmed speakers are: Dr. Daniel Schultz, Senior Director of Medical Devices and Combination Products, Greenleaf Health, (and former Director of the CDRH) Randy Schiestl, Vice President of R&D, Engineering Services Group, Boston Scientific Corporation David M. Cronin, CEO, Cognition Corporation Dr. John Sperling, Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic John Romans, President & CEO, BioMedix Please visit our website for complete information about the conference

This event is designed for those within the medical devices manufacturing companies, the managers/engineers/director/VP of: product development and design, research and development, quality, regulatory affairs, business development, compliance, and legal affairs.

Medical Devices Summit Midwest, September 6-7, 2012, Bloomington, MN For conference registration prices, please visit: http://www.opalevents.org/trk/mdsmwc1209.html

Article adapted by Medical News Today from original press release. Source: Opal Events
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